PXE配置

安装

安装dhcp、tftp、nfs，前面的博客有说明。

安装syslinux

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sudo apt install syslinux syslinux-common pxelinux

配置

复制文件到/var/tci/tftp(tftp的目录)

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cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32 /var/tci/tftp/
cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/libutil.c32 /var/tci/tftp/
cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/menu.c32 /var/tci/tftp/
cp /usr/lib/PXELINUX/lpxelinux.0 /var/tci/tftp/
cp /usr/lib/PXELINUX/pxelinux.0 /var/tci/tftp/
cp /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-72-generic /var/tci/tftp/
cp /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-73-generic /var/tci/tftp/
cp /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-72-generic /var/tci/tftp/
cp /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-73-generic /var/tci/tftp/

在/var/tci/tftp/下建立pxelinux.cfg目录，然后在pxelinux.cfg目录下建立default文件
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# 菜单，还有一些可选如vesamenu.c32 
DEFAULT menu.c32

# 直接复制的内核
LABEL ubuntu20.4-73 
KERNEL vmlinuz-5.15.0-73-generic 
APPEND initrd=initrd.img-5.15.0-73-generic root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.8.88:/var/tci/netboot/root ip=bootp rw selinux=0 nomodeset vga=0x314
prompt 1

# 直接复制的内核
LABEL ubuntu20.4-72
KERNEL vmlinuz-5.15.0-72-generic
APPEND initrd=initrd.img-5.15.0-72-generic root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.8.88:/var/tci/netboot/root ip=bootp rw selinux=0 nomodeset vga=0x314
prompt 1

# mkinitramfs -o 打包的
LABEL nfs-mk-o
kernel vmlinuz-5.15.0-73-generic
append initrd=initrd.nfs root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.8.88:/var/tci/netboot/root ip=bootp rw selinux=0 nomodeset vga=0x314
prompt 1


LABEL img # 
KERNEL vmlinuz-5.15.0-73-generic
APPEND initrd=initrd.img root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.8.88:/var/tci/netboot/root ip=bootp rw selinux=0 nomodeset vga=0x314
prompt 1

# cpio打包的
LABEL cpio 
# 可以设置不同的内核
kernel vmlinuz-5.15.0-73-generic
append initrd=initrd.cpio root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.8.88:/var/tci/netboot/root ip=dhcp rw selinux=0 nomodeset vga=0x314
prompt 1
# 等待时间6秒
timeout 60

查看/var/tci/tftp/

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ls /var/tci/tftp/
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initrd.1     initrd.img                    initrd.img-5.15.0-73-generic  ldlinux.c32  linux        menu.c32  pxelinux.0    vesamenu.c32               vmlinuz-5.15.0-73-generic
initrd.cpio  initrd.img-5.15.0-72-generic  initrd.nfs                    libutil.c32  lpxelinux.0  modules   pxelinux.cfg  vmlinuz-5.15.0-72-generic

无盘系统配置

构建无盘系统

安装debootstrap

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sudo apt install debootstrap

利用debootstrap在/var/tci/netboot/root

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mkdir -p /var/tci/netboot/root/

构建系统

x64

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debootstrap --arch=amd64 --include=linux-image-amd64,systemd,systemd-coredump,grub-efi-amd64,grub-legacy,grub-pc,wget,locales,vim,openssh-server,sudo,bash-completion bullseye /var/tci/netboot/root https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/

arm

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debootstrap --arch=arm64 --include=linux-image-amd64,systemd,systemd-coredump,grub-efi,grub-legacy,grub-pc,wget,locales,vim,openssh-server,sudo,bash-completion bullseye /var/tci/netboot/root https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/

--arch=amd64 架构
--include=linux-image-amd64,systemd,systemd-coredump,grub-efi-amd64,locales,vim,openssh-server,sudo,bash-completion 模块

配置无盘系统

修改/var/tci/netboot/root/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf

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#
# initramfs.conf
# Configuration file for mkinitramfs(8). See initramfs.conf(5).
#
# Note that configuration options from this file can be overridden
# by config files in the /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d directory.

#
# MODULES: [ most | netboot | dep | list ]
#
# most - Add most filesystem and all harddrive drivers.
#
# dep - Try and guess which modules to load.
#
# netboot - Add the base modules, network modules, but skip block devices.
#
# list - Only include modules from the 'additional modules' list
#

MODULES=netboot  # 修改，网络启动
BOOT=nfs # 修改，nfs
#
# BUSYBOX: [ y | n | auto ]
#
# Use busybox shell and utilities.  If set to n, klibc utilities will be used.
# If set to auto (or unset), busybox will be used if installed and klibc will
# be used otherwise.
#

BUSYBOX=auto

#
# KEYMAP: [ y | n ]
#
# Load a keymap during the initramfs stage.
#

KEYMAP=n

#
# COMPRESS: [ gzip | bzip2 | lz4 | lzma | lzop | xz | zstd ]
#

COMPRESS=gzip

#
# DEVICE: ...
#
# Specify a specific network interface, like eth0
# Overridden by optional ip= or BOOTIF= bootarg
#

DEVICE=

#
# NFSROOT: [ auto | HOST:MOUNT ]
#

NFSROOT=auto

#
# RUNSIZE: ...
#
# The size of the /run tmpfs mount point, like 256M or 10%
# Overridden by optional initramfs.runsize= bootarg
#

RUNSIZE=10%

#
# FSTYPE: ...
#
# The filesystem type(s) to support, or "auto" to use the current root
# filesystem type
#

FSTYPE=auto

配置无盘自动挂载nfs

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vim /var/tci/netboot/root/etc/fstab
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# UNCONFIGURED FSTAB FOR BASE SYSTEM
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0    # 增加
192.168.8.88:/var/tci/netboot/root / nfs defaults,rw 0 0  # 增加

配置无盘hosts

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vim /var/tci/netboot/root/etc/hosts
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127.0.0.1       localhost
::1             localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1         ip6-allnodes
ff02::2         ip6-allrouters
127.0.1.1       vm  # 增加这一行,机器名

配置无盘网络

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vim /var/tci/netboot/root/etc/network/interfaces
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# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
# Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d:
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The primary network interface
auto ens33 
allow-hotplug ens33 
iface ens33 inet idhcp # 使用DHCP
dns-nameservers 192.168.8.88 # DNS地址
iface default inet dhcp # 默认使用dhcp

auto

在系统启动的时候启动网络接口，无论网络接口有无连接 (插入网线)。如果该接口配置了 DHCP，则无论有无网线，系统都会去获取 DHCP。并且如果没有插入网线，则等该接口超时后才会继续 DHCP。

allow-hotplug

只有当内核从网络接口检测到热插拔事件后才会启动该接口。如果系统开机时该接口没有插入网线，则系统不会启动该接口。系统启动后，如果插入网线，系统会自动启动该接口。

修改无盘root密码

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cd /var/tci/netboot/root/
chroot .
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root@vm:/# passwd root
New password: 
Retype new password: 
passwd: password updated successfully

PXE测试

启动

pxe

菜单

pxe

无盘系统

pxe